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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Stentoften Runestone</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Writing</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created</th><td class="infobox-data">500-700AD</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discovered</th><td class="infobox-data">1823<br>Stentoften, <a href="Blekinge" title="Blekinge">Blekinge</a>, <a href="Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discovered by</th><td class="infobox-data">O. Hammer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Rundata" class="mw-redirect" title="Rundata">Rundata</a> ID</th><td class="infobox-data">DR 357</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Runemaster" title="Runemaster">Runemaster</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unknown</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="Runic_transliteration_and_transcription" title="Runic transliteration and transcription">Text – Native</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="Proto-Norse_language" title="Proto-Norse language">Proto-Norse</a> : <niuha>borumz <niuha>gestumz Haþuwulfz gaf j[ar], Hariwulfz ... ... haidiz runono, felh eka hedra niu habrumz, niu hangistumz Haþuwulfz gaf j[ar], Hariwulfz ... ... haidiz runono, felh eka hedra ginnurunoz. Hermalausaz argiu, Weladauþs, sa þat briutiþ.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Translation</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">(To the) <niuha>dwellers (and) <niuha>guests Haþuwulfar gave ful year, Hariwulfar ... ... I, master of the runes(?) conceal here nine bucks, nine stallions, Haþuwulfar gave fruitful year, Hariwulfar ... ... I, master of the runes(?) conceal here runes of power. Incessantly (plagued by) maleficence, (doomed to) insidious death (is) he who this breaks.</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The <b>Stentoften Runestone</b>, listed in the <a href="Rundata" class="mw-redirect" title="Rundata">Rundata</a> catalog as <b>DR 357</b>, is a <a href="Runestone" title="Runestone">runestone</a> which contains a curse in <a href="Proto-Norse" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Norse">Proto-Norse</a> that was discovered in Stentoften, <a href="Blekinge" title="Blekinge">Blekinge</a>, Sweden.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inscription">Inscription</h2></div>
<p>English translation provided by <a href="Rundata" class="mw-redirect" title="Rundata">Rundata</a>:
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</style><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">AP</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">niuhAborumz</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;"><niuha>borumz</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">¶</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">niuhagestumz</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;"><niuha>gestumz</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">¶</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">hAþuwolAfz</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Haþuwulfz</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">gAf</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">gaf</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">j</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">j[ar],</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">¶</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">hAriwolAfz</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Hariwulfz</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">(m)A--u</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">...</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">snuh-e</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">...</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">¶</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">hidez</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">haidiz</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">runono</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">runono,</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">fe(l)(A)h</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">felh</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">ekA</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">eka</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">hed¶erA</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hedra</p></div><p style="display: none;">niuhAborumz ¶ niuhagestumz ¶ hAþuwolAfz gAf j ¶ hAriwolAfz (m)A--u snuh-e ¶ hidez runono fe(l)(A)h ekA hed¶erA</p><p style="display: none;"><niuha>borumz {} <niuha>gestumz {} Haþuwulfz gaf j[ar], {} Hariwulfz ... ... {} haidiz runono, felh eka hedra</p><p style="clear: left;">(To the) <niuha>dwellers (and) <niuha>guests Haþuwulfar gave ful year, Hariwulfar ... ... I, master of the runes(?) conceal here</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div>
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<div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">AQ</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">niu</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">niu</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">hAborumz</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">habrumz,</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">¶</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">niu</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">niu</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">hagestumz</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hangistumz</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">¶</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">hAþuwolAfz</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Haþuwulfz</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">gAf</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">gaf</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">j</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">j[ar],</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">¶</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">hAriwolAfz</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Hariwulfz</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">(m)A--u</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">...</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">snuh-e</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">...</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">¶</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">hidez</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">haidiz</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">runono</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">runono,</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">fe(l)(A)h</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">felh</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">ekA</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">eka</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">hed¶erA</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hedra</p></div><p style="display: none;">niu hAborumz ¶ niu hagestumz ¶ hAþuwolAfz gAf j ¶ hAriwolAfz (m)A--u snuh-e ¶ hidez runono fe(l)(A)h ekA hed¶erA</p><p style="display: none;">niu habrumz, {} niu hangistumz {} Haþuwulfz gaf j[ar], {} Hariwulfz ... ... {} haidiz runono, felh eka hedra</p><p style="clear: left;">nine bucks, nine stallions, Haþuwulfar gave fruitful year, Hariwulfar ... ... I, master of the runes(?) conceal here</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div>
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<div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">B</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">ginoronoz</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ginnurunoz.</p></div><p style="display: none;">ginoronoz</p><p style="display: none;">ginnurunoz.</p><p style="clear: left;">runes of power.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div>
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<div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">C</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">herAmAlAsAz</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Hermalausaz</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">¶</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">ArAgeu</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">argiu,</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">we(l)Aduds|</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Weladauþs,</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">|sA</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sa</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">þAt</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">þat</p></div><p style="display: none;">herAmAlAsAz ¶ ArAgeu we(l)Aduds| |sA þAt</p><p style="display: none;">Hermalausaz {} argiu, Weladauþs, sa þat</p><p style="clear: left;">Incessantly (plagued by) maleficence, (doomed to) insidious death (is) he who this</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div>
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<div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">D</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 0.5em;"><p lang="non" class="bold" style="margin: 0px;">bAriutiþ</p><p lang="non-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">briutiþ.</p></div><p style="display: none;">bAriutiþ</p><p style="display: none;">briutiþ.</p><p style="clear: left;">breaks.<sup id="cite_ref-rundata_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rundata-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretation">Interpretation</h2></div>
<p>In lines AP and AQ, in the phrase "gaf j" ("gave j"), the <a href="J%C4%93ran" title="Jēran">j-rune</a> is an <a href="Ideographic_rune" title="Ideographic rune">ideographic rune</a> that stands for the rune name *<i>jēra</i>, meaning "harvest" or "bountiful or fruitful year."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLeodMees2006112–113_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLeodMees2006112–113-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One runologist suggests that line AQ is describing an <a href="Animal_sacrifice" title="Animal sacrifice">animal sacrifice</a> in return for a good harvest as part of a fertility ritual.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELooijenga200329,_182_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELooijenga200329,_182-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>
<p>The Stentoften runestone was discovered in 1823 by the dean O. Hammer. It was lying down with the inscription facing downwards, surrounded by five sharp larger stones forming a <a href="Pentagon" title="Pentagon">pentagon</a> or a <a href="Pentagram" title="Pentagram">pentagram</a>. Consequently, the stone has been part of a larger monument like the <a href="Bj%C3%B6rketorp_Runestone" title="Björketorp Runestone">Björketorp Runestone</a> further east. In 1864, the runestone was moved into the church of <a href="S%C3%B6lvesborg" title="Sölvesborg">Sölvesborg</a>.
</p><p>Most scholars date the inscription to the 7th century and it is carved with a type of runes that form an intermediate version between the <a href="Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a> and the <a href="Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a>. A characteristic example of this is the <a href="Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)">a-rune</a> <span typeof="mw:File"></span> which has the same form as the <a href="Haglaz" title="Haglaz">h-rune</a> of the younger futhark. This is the rune that is transliterated with A. The <a href="Kaunan" title="Kaunan">k-rune</a>, which looks like a Y is a transition form between <span typeof="mw:File"></span> and <span typeof="mw:File"></span> in the two futharks. There are quite few intermediary inscriptions like this one. Three more are known from <a href="Blekinge" title="Blekinge">Blekinge</a>, i.e. the <a href="Bj%C3%B6rketorp_Runestone" title="Björketorp Runestone">Björketorp Runestone</a>, the <a href="Istaby_Runestone" title="Istaby Runestone">Istaby Runestone</a> and the <a href="Gummarp_Runestone" title="Gummarp Runestone">Gummarp Runestone</a>, which were moved to <a href="Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> and lost in the <a href="Copenhagen_Fire_of_1728" title="Copenhagen Fire of 1728">Copenhagen Fire of 1728</a>.
</p><p>The Stentoften, <a href="Istaby_Runestone" title="Istaby Runestone">Istaby Runestone</a> and <a href="Gummarp_Runestone" title="Gummarp Runestone">Gummarp Runestone</a> inscriptions can be identified with the same clan through the names that are mentioned on them,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELooijenga2003188_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELooijenga2003188-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the names are typical for chieftains. The <a href="Bj%C3%B6rketorp_Runestone" title="Björketorp Runestone">Björketorp Runestone</a> lacks names and is raised some tens of kilometers from the others. However, it is beyond doubt that the Björketorp runestone is connected to them, because in addition to the special runic forms, the same message is given on the Stentoften Runestone. These runestones are probably not carved by the same person, and so it appears that they reflect a specific runic tradition in the <a href="Blekinge" title="Blekinge">Blekinge</a> area during the 7th century. Runologist Michael Schulte suggests that the archaic text of the Stentoften stone is more effective from a dramatic perspective than the younger and more explicit version on the Björketorp stone.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchulte200817–18_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchulte200817–18-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The name Hariwulfa is a combination of <i>hari</i> meaning "warrior" and <i>wulafa</i> "wolf," while the <i>haþu</i> of Haþuwulfz means "battle."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELooijenga2003181_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELooijenga2003181-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been suggested that the assignment of such lycophoric names may have been related to ritualistic practices and religious wolf-symbolism used in the initiation of young warriors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGräslund2006125_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGräslund2006125-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A shortened form of the name Hariwulfa survived into the <a href="Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a> and is attested in the inscription on the <a href="H%C3%A6rulf_Runestone" title="Hærulf Runestone">Hærulf Runestone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESundqvistHultgård2004585_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESundqvistHultgård2004585-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Runic_magic" title="Runic magic">Runic magic</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-rundata-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rundata_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000609175838/http://www.nordiska.uu.se/forskn/samnord.htm">"Samnordisk runtextdatabas :: Ladda ned"</a>. Nordiska.uu.se. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nordiska.uu.se/forskn/samnord.htm">the original</a> on June 9, 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-10-11</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLeodMees2006112–113-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLeodMees2006112–113_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacLeodMees2006">MacLeod & Mees 2006</a>, pp. 112–113.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELooijenga200329,_182-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELooijenga200329,_182_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLooijenga2003">Looijenga 2003</a>, p. 29, 182.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELooijenga2003188-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELooijenga2003188_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLooijenga2003">Looijenga 2003</a>, p. 188.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchulte200817–18-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchulte200817–18_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchulte2008">Schulte 2008</a>, pp. 17–18.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELooijenga2003181-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELooijenga2003181_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLooijenga2003">Looijenga 2003</a>, p. 181.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGräslund2006125-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGräslund2006125_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGräslund2006">Gräslund 2006</a>, p. 125.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESundqvistHultgård2004585-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESundqvistHultgård2004585_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSundqvistHultgård2004">Sundqvist & Hultgård 2004</a>, p. 585.</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div>
<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFGräslund2006" class="citation book cs1">Gräslund, Anne-Sofie (2006). "Wolves, Serpents and Birds: Their Symbolic Meaning in Old Norse Belief". In Andrén, Anders; Jennbert, Kristina; et al. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gjq6rvoIRpAC"><i>Old Norse Religion in Long-Term Perspectives: Origins, Changes, and Interactions</i></a>. Lund: Nordic Academic Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">124–</span>129. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>91-89116-81-X</bdi>.</cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFJacobsenMoltke1941" class="citation book cs1">Jacobsen, Lis; <a href="Erik_Moltke" title="Erik Moltke">Moltke, Erik</a> (1941). <i>Danmarks Runeindskrifter</i>. Vol. 3.</cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFLooijenga2003" class="citation book cs1">Looijenga, Tineke (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-edm1fMPbXwC"><i>Texts & Contexts of the Oldest Runic Inscriptions</i></a>. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>90-04-12396-2</bdi>.</cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFMacLeodMees2006" class="citation book cs1">MacLeod, Mindy; Mees, Bernard (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hx7UigqsTKoC"><i>Runic Amulets and Magic Objects</i></a>. Boydell Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-84383-205-4</bdi>.</cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFSundqvistHultgård2004" class="citation book cs1">Sundqvist, Olof; Hultgård, Anders (2004). "The Lycophoric Names of the 6th to 7th Century Blekinge Runestones and the Problem of Their Ideological Background". In van Nahl, Astrid; Elmevik, Lennart et seq. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6VShM6kAU_4C"><i>Namenwelten: Orts- und Personennamen in Historischer Sicht</i></a>. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. <span class="nowrap">583–</span>602. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>3-11-018108-8</bdi>.</cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFSchulte2008" class="citation journal cs1">Schulte, Michael (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lub.lu.se/anf/article/download/11768/10634/27319">"Stylistic variation in runic inscriptions?"</a>. <i><a href="Arkiv_f%C3%B6r_nordisk_filologi" title="Arkiv för nordisk filologi">Arkiv för nordisk filologi</a></i>.</cite></li>
<li>Thorngren, Karl-Gösta: <i>Runstenar i Blekinge. Blekingeboken 1942</i>. pp. 63–96.</li>
<li><a href="Rundata" class="mw-redirect" title="Rundata">Rundata</a></li></ul>
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</style><div id="Runestones234" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Runestone" title="Runestone">Runestones</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western route and unspecified expeditions abroad</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Viking_runestones" title="Viking runestones">Viking runestones</a> (main)</li>
<li><a href="England_runestones" title="England runestones">England runestones</a></li>
<li><a href="Hakon_Jarl_runestones" title="Hakon Jarl runestones">Hakon Jarl runestones</a></li>
<li><a href="Gunnar's_bridge_runestones" title="Gunnar's bridge runestones">Gunnar's bridge runestones</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern route</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Varangian_runestones" title="Varangian runestones">Varangian runestones</a> (main)</li>
<li><a href="Baltic_area_runestones" title="Baltic area runestones">Baltic area runestones</a></li>
<li><a href="Greece_runestones" title="Greece runestones">Greece runestones</a></li>
<li><a href="Italy_runestones" title="Italy runestones">Italy runestones</a></li>
<li><a href="Ingvar_runestones" title="Ingvar runestones">Ingvar runestones</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other journeys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="N%C3%A4rke_Runic_Inscription_29" title="Närke Runic Inscription 29">Nä 29</a></li>
<li><a href="Uppland_Runic_Inscription_158" title="Uppland Runic Inscription 158">U 158</a></li>
<li><a href="Uppland_Runic_Inscription_258" title="Uppland Runic Inscription 258">U 258</a></li>
<li><a href="Uppland_Runic_Inscription_605" title="Uppland Runic Inscription 605">U 605</a></li>
<li><a href="Uppland_Runic_Inscription_614" title="Uppland Runic Inscription 614">U 614</a></li>
<li><a href="Uppland_Runic_Inscription_699" title="Uppland Runic Inscription 699">699</a></li>
<li><a href="Uppland_Runic_Inscription_925" title="Uppland Runic Inscription 925">U 925</a></li>
<li><a href="Uppland_Runic_Inscription_948" title="Uppland Runic Inscription 948">U 948</a></li>
<li><a href="Uppland_Runic_Inscription_954" title="Uppland Runic Inscription 954">U 954</a></li>
<li><a href="Uppland_Runic_Inscription_1028" title="Uppland Runic Inscription 1028">1028</a></li>
<li><a href="Uppland_Runic_Inscription_1048" class="mw-redirect" title="Uppland Runic Inscription 1048">U 1048</a></li>
<li><a href="S%C3%B6dermanland_Runic_Inscription_16" title="Södermanland Runic Inscription 16">Sö 16</a></li>
<li><a href="S%C3%B6dermanland_Runic_Inscription_47" title="Södermanland Runic Inscription 47">Sö 47</a></li>
<li><a href="S%C3%B6dermanland_Runic_Inscription_49" title="Södermanland Runic Inscription 49">Sö 49</a></li>
<li><a href="S%C3%B6dermanland_Runic_Inscription_174" title="Södermanland Runic Inscription 174">Sö 174</a></li>
<li><a href="S%C3%B6dermanland_Runic_Inscription_333" title="Södermanland Runic Inscription 333">Sö 333</a></li>
<li><a href="S%C3%B6dermanland_Runic_Inscription_360" title="Södermanland Runic Inscription 360">Sö 360</a></li>
<li><a href="V%C3%A4sterg%C3%B6tland_Runic_Inscription_40" title="Västergötland Runic Inscription 40">Vg 40</a></li>
<li><a href="V%C3%A4sterg%C3%B6tland_Runic_Inscription_81" title="Västergötland Runic Inscription 81">Vg 81</a></li>
<li><a href="Sm%C3%A5land_Runic_Inscription_48" title="Småland Runic Inscription 48">Sm 48</a></li>
<li><a href="Gotland_Runic_Inscription_207" title="Gotland Runic Inscription 207">G 207</a></li>
<li><a href="Danish_Runic_Inscription_259" title="Danish Runic Inscription 259">DR 259</a></li>
<li><a href="Danish_Runic_Inscription_380" title="Danish Runic Inscription 380">DR 330</a></li>
<li><a href="Norwegian_Runic_Inscription_239" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Runic Inscription 239">N 239</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Jomsvikings" title="Jomsvikings">Jomsvikings</a> and the <a href="Battle_of_F%C3%BDrisvellir" title="Battle of Fýrisvellir">Battle of Fýrisvellir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Greece_Runestones" class="mw-redirect" title="Greece Runestones">Högby Runestone</a></li>
<li><a href="H%C3%A4llestad_Runestones" title="Hällestad Runestones">Hällestad Runestones</a></li>
<li><a href="Sj%C3%B6rup_Runestone" title="Sjörup Runestone">Sjörup Runestone</a></li>
<li><a href="Karlevi_Runestone" title="Karlevi Runestone">Karlevi Runestone</a></li>
<li><a href="Egtved_Runestone" title="Egtved Runestone">Egtved Runestone</a></li>
<li><a href="Aars_stone" title="Aars stone">Aars stone</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Viking Age women</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Odendisa_Runestone" title="Odendisa Runestone">Vs 24</a></li>
<li><a href="Uppland_Runic_Inscription_15" title="Uppland Runic Inscription 15">U 15</a></li>
<li><a href="Granby_Runestone" title="Granby Runestone">U 337</a></li>
<li><a href="N%C3%A4sby_Runestone" title="Näsby Runestone">U 455</a></li>
<li><a href="Uppland_Runic_Inscription_489" title="Uppland Runic Inscription 489">U 489</a></li>
<li><a href="Norsta_Runestone" title="Norsta Runestone">U 861</a></li>
<li><a href="S%C3%B6dermanland_runic_inscription_139" title="Södermanland runic inscription 139">Sr 139</a></li>
<li><a href="Saleby_Runestone" title="Saleby Runestone">Vg 67</a></li>
<li><a href="Dynna_stone" title="Dynna stone">N 68</a></li>
<li><a href="Klepp_I_Runestone" title="Klepp I Runestone">N 225</a></li>
<li><a href="S%C3%B8nder_Vissing_Runestone" title="Sønder Vissing Runestone">DR 55</a></li>
<li><a href="Rims%C3%B8_Runestone" title="Rimsø Runestone">DR 114</a></li>
<li><a href="Gunderup_Runestone" title="Gunderup Runestone">DR 143</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="Gerl%C3%B6g_and_Inga" title="Gerlög and Inga">Gerlög and Inga</a>
<ul><li><a href="F%C3%A4rentuna_Runestones" title="Färentuna Runestones">Färentuna Runestones</a></li>
<li><a href="Hillersj%C3%B6_stone" title="Hillersjö stone">Hillersjö stone</a></li>
<li><a href="Snottsta_and_Vreta_stones" title="Snottsta and Vreta stones">Snottsta and Vreta stones</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="Estrid" title="Estrid">Estrid</a>
<ul><li><a href="Broby_bro_Runestones" title="Broby bro Runestones">Broby bro Runestones</a></li>
<li><a href="Hargs_bro_runic_inscriptions" title="Hargs bro runic inscriptions">Hargs bro runic inscriptions</a></li>
<li><a href="Uppland_Rune_Inscriptions_101%2C_143_and_147" title="Uppland Rune Inscriptions 101, 143 and 147">Uppland Rune Inscriptions 101, 143 and 147</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a> and <a href="Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Old Norse religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"May <a href="Thor" title="Thor">Thor</a> hallow"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Velanda_Runestone" title="Velanda Runestone">Vg 150</a></li>
<li><a href="S%C3%B6dermanland_runic_inscription_140" title="Södermanland runic inscription 140">Sö 140</a> (?)</li>
<li><a href="Danish_Runic_Inscription_110" title="Danish Runic Inscription 110">DR 110</a></li>
<li><a href="Glavendrup_stone" title="Glavendrup stone">DR 209</a></li>
<li><a href="S%C3%B8nder_Kirkeby_Runestone" title="Sønder Kirkeby Runestone">DR 220</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mj%C3%B6lnir" title="Mjölnir">Thor's hammer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Altuna_Runestone" title="Altuna Runestone">U 1161</a></li>
<li><a href="Bj%C3%A4rby_Runestones#Vg_113" title="Bjärby Runestones">Vg 113</a></li>
<li><a href="S%C3%B6dermanland_Runic_Inscription_86" title="Södermanland Runic Inscription 86">Sö 86</a></li>
<li><a href="Stenkvista_runestone" title="Stenkvista runestone">Sö 111</a></li>
<li><a href="Laeborg_Runestone" title="Laeborg Runestone">DR 26</a></li>
<li><a href="Danish_Runic_Inscription_48" title="Danish Runic Inscription 48">DR 48</a></li>
<li><a href="Danish_Runic_Inscription_120" title="Danish Runic Inscription 120">DR 120</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cursed stones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Saleby_Runestone" title="Saleby Runestone">Vg 67</a></li>
<li><a href="Skern_Runestone" title="Skern Runestone">DR 81</a></li>
<li><a href="S%C3%B8nder_Vinge_runestone_2" title="Sønder Vinge runestone 2">DR 83</a></li>
<li><a href="Glavendrup_stone" title="Glavendrup stone">DR 209</a></li>
<li><a href="Tryggev%C3%A6lde_Runestone" title="Tryggevælde Runestone">DR 230</a></li>
<li><a href="Glemminge_stone" title="Glemminge stone">DR 338</a></li>
<li><a href="Bj%C3%B6rketorp_Runestone" title="Björketorp Runestone">DR 360</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Skarp%C3%A5ker_Stone" title="Skarpåker Stone">Sö 154</a></li>
<li><a href="R%C3%B6k_runestone" title="Rök runestone">Ög 136</a></li>
<li><a href="Ledberg_stone" title="Ledberg stone">Ög 181</a></li>
<li><a href="Karlevi_Runestone" title="Karlevi Runestone">Öl 1</a></li>
<li><a href="Noleby_Runestone" title="Noleby Runestone">Vg 63</a></li>
<li><a href="Sparl%C3%B6sa_Runestone" title="Sparlösa Runestone">Vg 119</a></li>
<li><a href="Manx_runestones#Thorwald's_Cross:_Br_Olsen;185A_(Andreas_(III),_MM_128)" title="Manx runestones">Thorwald's Cross</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Runestone monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Jarlabanke_Runestones" title="Jarlabanke Runestones">Jarlabanke Runestones</a></li>
<li><a href="Hunnestad_Monument" title="Hunnestad Monument">Hunnestad Monument</a></li>
<li><a href="Jelling_stones" title="Jelling stones">Jelling stones</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="S%C3%B6dermanland_Runic_Inscription_113" title="Södermanland Runic Inscription 113">Sö 113</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="List_of_runestones" title="List of runestones">List of runestones</a></li>
<li><a href="Scandinavian_Runic-text_Database" title="Scandinavian Runic-text Database">Scandinavian Runic-text Database</a></li>
<li><a href="Runic_transliteration_and_transcription" title="Runic transliteration and transcription">Runic transliteration and transcription</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foteviken.se/sweden/blekinge/solves/solve.htm">The Runestones of Sölvesborg</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807043328/http://www.nordiska.uu.se/forskn/samnord.htm">Joint Nordic database for runic inscriptions</a></li></ul></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-04-18" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Stentoften_Runestone&oldid=1286211131">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
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